In the manuscript we describe specific composition of Oligochaeta from 16 lakes situated in the Polar Urals and the Eastern part of Bolshezemelskaya tundra. Number of Oligochaeta species, general characteristic of the quantitative indicators of the development of the oligochaetes in the studied lakes was brought out, dominant groups were detached. Change of the fauna of Oligochaeta of the lakes on longitude, distinctions in quantitative indicators of the development and qualitative composition of oligochaetes on the different depths and types of bottoms were examined.