There is the analysis of the relationship between morphological characteristics of the neuron-glial cell populations of the VI layer of the roof of the midbrain and cortex of the cerebellum tailless amphibians and their species in the article. These departments of a brain are the highest integrative centers. They provide regulation and coordination of movements of  amphibians. The conducted research has revealed that distinctive specific features of departments of a brain are shown not only at the organ level (the sizes and the form), but also at the population and cellular level of their organization. Specific features are shown in parameters of the area of cages (St, Sya and Sts) and density of distribution of neurons and gliotsits. The presence of species specific morphological features in the organization of neuron-glial cell populations of the midbrain and cerebellum tailless amphibians related to phylogenetic transformations of the nervous system and adaptation of amphibians to ground-water habitats.