Distribution, eco-coenotic confinement and population structure of rare legume species have been studied. Analysis is done on the base of locality database for rare vascular plants of Buryatia which contain the most actual information from the last edition of Red Data Book for study area. Population structure of key species is estimated in connection with their phytocoenotic and geographic confinement. Factors limiting quantity of rare legume plant populations have been analyzed. Practical recommendations for preserving populations and on managing of protected areas in the conservation framework for rare legumes of Buryatia have been presented.