Biology, Vol 14, No 1 (2021)

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTRODUCED SPECIES PINUS L. IN THE TAIGA ZONE (KARELIA)

Ivan Tarasovich Kishchenko

Abstract


The results of studies performed in 1988–2016 are given. From April to October in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, subzone of the middle taiga). The objects of research were representatives of 4 introduced species of the genus Pinus: Pinus strobus L., P. montana Mill., P. pumila (Pall.) Regel., P. sibirica Du Tour. The growth of sprouts in P. pumila begins at 5–10 days. earlier, and in other species - for 10–15 days. later than P. sylvestris and P. montan. This process in P. sylvestris and P. pumila ends 1–4 weeks earlier than other studied species. Earlier in all, the culmination of shoot growth occurs in P. montana, and later on in P. sylvestris and P. strobus. The maximum similarity with the growth dynamics of the shoots of the aboriginal species is detected by P. pumila, and the greatest differences by P. strobus. The beginning of growth and the culmination of shoot growth largely depend on the temperature of the air. The growth of needles in P. pumila and P. sibirica begins simultaneously with the aboriginal species, and in P. strobus and P. montana - at 2–11 days. later. This process most rapidly ends in P. pumila and P. sylvestris, and in other species, by 2–14 days. later. First of all, the culmination of needle growth is noted in P. sylvestris, P. pumila and P. montan. The dynamics of growth of needles in introducents is very noticeably different from that of the aboriginal species. The beginning of the growth of needles depends on the temperature of the air, and the dynamics of its growth, moreover, on the humidity of the air and precipitation. The onset of almost all phenophases in the studied species of the Pinus genus largely depend on the current temperature conditions of the air, the state of the environment during the several preceding days before the onset of one or another phenophase, as well as the values ​​of the main environmental factors during the formation of wintering buds of last year. A linear correlation was found between the dynamics of the studied environmental factors and the timing of the occurrence of phenophases. The earliest dates of commencement and termination of phenophases were noted in P. sylvestris and P. pumila, and the latest dates were noted in P. strobus. P. sibirica has adapted well to local conditions and can be recommended for introduction into cultivated cenoses and planting of settlements with a low degree of pollution with pollutants.