Chemistry, Vol 13, No 1 (2020)

Carbon supported size-controlled Ru catalysts for selective levulinic acid hydrogenation into g-valerolactone

Irina Leonidovna Simakova, Yuliya Sergeevna Demidova, Mikhail Nikolaevich Simonov, Prashant Suresh Niphadkar, Vijay Vasant Bokade, Nandini Devi, Paresh Dhepe, Dmitry Yurievich Murzin

Abstract


 Liquid phase levulinic acid hydrogenation into g-valerolactone in 1,4-dioxane as a solvent (165ºC, bar) was studied over a range of Ru monometallic catalysts using mesoporous carbon material Sibunit as a support. In addition to the catalyst prepared by impregnation with RuCl3∙nH2O (0.1M) followed by reduction in H2, size-controlled Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts were synthesized by immobilization of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (dRu=2.4 nm). Сarbon supported colloidal Ru NPs were not studied earlier in levulinic acid hydrogenation. Activity of colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts was found to be lower than that of impregnated Ru/Sibunit which could be attributed to hampering effect of PVP. However, colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit purified by thermal treatment in air (180⁰C) followed by reduction in H2 (400⁰C) exhibited the same activity as impregnated one yielding 93% g-valerolactone at 100% levulinic acid conversion. Applicability of supported PVP-assisted colloidal Ru NPs in hydrogenation of levulinic acid illustrates a potential to prepare more efficient catalysts for this reaction with a desired particle size. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRF, and N2 physisorption to compare their physical chemical properties.