The influence of hydrothermal conditions on synthesis of analcime and a composite material ZrO₂-analcime as well as zirconomolybdate and zirconosilicate coverings with ion exchange properties was studied using narrow fractions of aluminosilicate microspheres with a high content of a glass phase (91-95 wt. %). The possibility to synthesize ZrO₂-analcime composites of narrow particle size distributions with maxima of about 40 mm and ~6 mm under hydrothermal treatment at 150 °С was demonstrated starting from microspheres with Si/Al=2.7 and applying different regimes of a reaction mixture agitation. Microsphere materials of a “core-shell” type such as ZrMo₂O₇(OH)₂(H₂O)₂@(SiO₂-Al₂O₃)_glass with the nanostructured covering and Na₂O-SiO₂-ZrO₂@(SiO₂-Al₂O₃)_glass with an amorphous film was prepared. Sorption properties of the composite materials regarding Nd³⁺, Sr²⁺ and Cs⁺ were studied under equilibrium conditions by means of determination of sorption isotherms and their fitting by the Langmuir model. Sorption parameters were determined including sorption capacities and distribution coefficients which reach the values of 10⁴-10⁵ mL/g.