A longevity of optical fibers depends on their strain degree, therefore receiving of correct information about physical state of fiber is the important problem of monitoring and early diagnostics of fiber optical communication line.

The actual problem of duly revealing of mechanical stressed sections of fiber optical communication lines, in particular, optical fibers which are under influence of the raised mechanical pressure (strain) in optical cables is considered in this paper.

Results of modeling of Brillouin backscattering spectrum changes depending on change of optical fiber strain are presented.

Results of experimental examinations of strain characteristics of various types optical fibers, which are under longitudinal and transverse mechanical influences, based on Brillouin backscattering spectrum analysis are given in this  paper.

Also are discussed temperature dependences of Brillouin backscattering spectrum changes of the optical fibers.

The received results confirmed a possibility to detect problem (mechanical stressed) sections and estimations of the optical fiber strain degree on basis of Brillouin reflectometry method at different mechanical influences.