Abstract: In a domestic and foreign historiography the problem is discussed, whether there was a sexual revolution in Russia in 1917-1922 and in the USSR in 1923-1927. In article authors represent the concept definition "sexual revolution", the opposite points of view on a problem, moreover, the analysis of legislative base, discussions of the period of the 20th and modern literature. As a result authors came to a conclusion that 1917-1927 are the independent period in a problem of historiography. The legislative base was liberalization, emancipation of women, however, women still were in economic dependence on men. Numerous discussions, publications of those years partially reflected life of youth, especially student's in the large cities. In rural areas the family and marriage still were based on patriarchal family way.