The purpose of this paper is to raise a question on building a just society through the interdisciplinary analysis of A. Schopenhauer and J. Habermas's systems. The article offers historical and philosophical analysis of the concept of ‘justice'.  In order to understand the connection between these two systems (Schopenhauer's and Habermas's) and modern issues of building a just society, it is touched upon the institutional theory and the status of justice within this theory, thereby showing how difficult the understanding of justice can be for both kinds of interdisciplinary knowledge - philosophy and economy - if initial synthesis is not taken into account.