Siberia: in search of new model of development
Abstract
For no other major macro-region of Russia, the urgency of finding a new model of development is not so urgent, as imperative as for Siberia. Being the leader in the country and the world in terms of natural resources and water resources, this treasure of natural resources in terms of the level and quality of life is losing its position on key economic indicators to many other federal okrugs. The general outline of the new development of Siberia is the openness to experiment and innovative search, which now involves the main constructive effects of the arrangement of Siberian spaces, the rejection of unified approaches and the absolutely new role of the state, which encourages innovations of all kinds and departs from its former role of a simple lobbyist for large corporations, working in Siberia.
The outlines of a new model for the development of Siberia should take into account the following facts:
1. The most profitable in Siberia are not mining, but processing industries, less sensitive to the features of ultracontinentality and remoteness of the Siberian economy. Hybridity, the mixed nature of the new Siberian deposits in many cases makes it justified and expedient to combine the places of their extraction and processing
2. Returning was always very characteristic for the economic development of the Siberian spaces: first a quick breakthrough to a new one, then a delay, a pause, but in reality the assimilation and consolidation of innovation in the spaces of Siberia, then a new movement.
3. During periods of active development of Siberia, latitudinal communication along the routes and latitudinal transport channels dominated, and during periods of pauses in the development (compression of development) "natural" (physical-geographical) communication along the basins of the great Siberian rivers.
4. Siberia has closing positions among the federal okrugs by rapid means of communication, which means absolute information periphery, a very slow exchange of ideas and, as a result, considerable intellectual conservatism. Special efforts should be made, specifically for Siberia, which will ensure its much greater involvement in national and international information exchanges than today.
5. The Siberian village, both in terms of farming activity and rural telephonization, is relatively better prepared to absorb innovations, to update the model of economic development than the average Russian village, than the villages of other federal districts.
6. The comparative role of large Siberian cities in the development of Siberia is certainly higher than the role of urban agglomerations in other federal districts - precisely because of the low density and weak arrangement of Siberian spaces. Siberian urbanization, in contrast to the areas of the center, captures space not entirely, but intermittently, selectively, through a network of outposts and local bases of development, which control the local, regional or wider regional space.
7. Just as creative people from all over the country are accumulating in the creative regions of central Russia, talents from the colossal regional space are concentrated in the city centers of the vast territories of Siberia. A special Siberian model of creativity once again confirms that in Siberia it is difficult to count on the success of the Silicon Valley model, based on considerable density and dense communication of each with each. Here, other models of the innovation process will be formed, which constructively use the isolation and periphery factors of the vast Siberian spaces.
8. The idea of increasing returns means in the Siberian spaces the obtaining of effects from large and very dispersed urban agglomerations; economic regions that form localized sites of local economic clusters; contact territories of the Siberian Russian-Chinese borderland. All these effects involve the forces of small and medium-sized businesses, which generates them, actively interacting with each other and large resource companies in Siberia.
9. In contrast with the Soviet development of Siberia based on a system of stationary bases and development routes, new development of Siberia will be based on "light" vehicles and mobile means of energy supply that very often do not require a fundamental infrastructural arrangement.