The article describes the directions of development of applied mechanics in Russia in the XVII - XVIII centuries and about the first attempts to train specialists in these areas. This is the construction of roads, bridges, fortification and hydraulic engineering constructions, practical ballistics. Water and land means of communications are being improved, the industries that served the army and the fleet are developing, the first attempts are being made to educate mechanics and technicians. Educational institutions are being opened, in which elements of mechanics are beginning to be taught, however, mechanics occupies an auxiliary position with respect to technology.