The main purpose of the research results presented in this article is an attempt to define the goal and the objectives of the new discipline – transdisciplinary regionology, taking into consideration the experience of Russian and foreign schools. The subject of the research is approaches to defining goals and objectives of regional studies in different schools. To study these approaches, the authors use systemic analysis, comparative analysis, conceptual analysis and terminological analysis as the main methods. The article covers the process of establishing a new scientific discipline, which unites the achievements of different disciplines that focus on studying regions and regional processes. The authors substantiate transdisciplinarity as its basic characteristic and explain the choice of the term “regionology”. The results of the work are applicable in the process of theoretical development of terminology and methodology of regional studies as well as in planning applied works in this field. In the conclusion of the article, the authors infer that the main goal of transdisciplinary regionology is to define the laws of uneven development of world regions basing on the transdisciplinary approach and the scientific-pragmatic experience of the region or group of regions under study, which determines its specific objectives.