Currently, attention to regional economies of resource type is on the rise. Many papers dealing the “resource curse” problem discuss the mechanisms forming a trap of human capital underdevelopment. This article is an attempt to find whether resource dependence of the region affects on the development of regional higher education systems and the characteristics of high-quality accumulated human capital. The basis for this study is a fuzzy typology of the Russian regions according to two indicators: the share of extractive  industries in GRP and the ratio of the shares of extractive and manufacturing industries and the calculation of a comprehensive assessment of resource dependence (on a scale of 0 to 10). The calculations made it possible to identify 27 resource-type regions. We analyzed the indicators of the educational level of the employed population and the peculiarities of its use (accumulated human capital), the number of university students (human capital flow), as well as the dependence of the reduction in the number of faculty and the growth in their salaries on the level of the region’s resource dependence. The study found dependence of the use of high-quality human capital on the resource specialization of the regions. It manifests itself in a fairly high educational level of the workforce employed in the mining industries and in the public sector and having specialized training. Moreover, based on the levels of changes in the number of faculty and growth of their salaries, it is possible to observe an increase in the uneven development of the educational systems of the resource-type regions, deepening differentiation of universities downshifting of most of them towards the periphery of the educational space with a shortage of human and other resources.