The article presents an analysis of modern scientific literature and Russian legislation on legal regulation and the implementation of the right to protect the reproductive health of men in Russia, and providing them with specialized medical care. The problems of the organization of andrological medical care for the male population in the Russian health care system are identified, which affects the indicators of their incidence and life expectancy of men. It is proposed to improve Russian legislation regarding the training of andrologists and the organization of andrological medical care for the male population.