The article presents the results of the musical folklore analysis from the perspective of cultural knowledge. The analysis is aimed to determine value orientations in the course of the musical folklore phenomenon comprehension. The comparative and typological research methods are applied for an analytical overview of this issue. The conducted analysis has resulted in the conclusions about the peculiar features of musical folklore in its historical and cultural development. The main purpose of the considered phenomenon in its value orientation has been revealed. It is claimed that musical folklore is one of the areas of musical art. It has its own spiritual space and displays some features of cultural knowledge. The obtained data can be used for further research of the peoples from other regions of Russia.