Abstract In this article, based on a comprehensive analysis of census data and published papers comparing historical facts investigated socio-demographic development is one of the youngest regions of the Russian Federation - Republic of Tyva. This is determined by the need to bring social policies of modern Russia, its regions consistent with the growing economic capabilities. At the moment, there is a tendency to overcome the severe social consequences of the economic reforms of the 1990s.

The problems associated with government regulation of social processes, and the reasons why the national characteristics change, to cover all aspects of the demographic development of Tuva: fertility, mortality, natural movement of the population and migration. Revealed such trends in demographic ¬ cal processes, such as high birth rates steady at Tuva region of the Russian Migration, an alarming increase in the number of children born out of wedlock, disproportionate growth in the region of dependents, a high mortality rate, especially in the working-age population, low life expectancy, especially in men, worsening health and lower quality of life.

Analysis of the measures taken by the authorities to ensure the growth of living standards and quality of life of citizens, suggests the delay of a number of necessary measures of social policy. The practice of social reforms in Russia in the 1990s. in many different non-systematic, crudity and lack of forecasting the dynamics of social development in the long term. Only the implementation of fundamental changes in the economy ¬ nomic and social spheres, along with the elimination of negative events will change the social climate and a positive impact on all aspects of public life, including the demographic situation