The article considers an issue of creating a new center of Russian aerospace industry in the city of Chita with the participation of the state corporations Roscosmos and Rostec. It is stated in the article that the worsening of the social-economic situation in Zabaykalsky Region is caused by liquidating Zabaykalsky military command region. A conclusion is made that creating a new center of aerospace industry aimed at producing high-technology products which are in high demand in Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region will contribute to economic, industrial and intellectual development of Zabaykalsky Region, and will also improve the economy of the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District.