The article presents an attempt to study current methodological and practical approaches to the research of the influence of climatic conditions on the traditional economy of small-numbered indigenous peoples based on Taymyr Dolgano-Nenets Municipal District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krai), as well as present mechanisms of governmental support for the traditional economies of the said peoples.

The authors remark that the analysis of classic and modern works by foreign and Russian researchers shows great interest to climatic changes and consequences of the changes for the indigenous population. At the same time, there is a lack of such researches based on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, home for many small-numbered indigenous peoples.

At the end of the article the authors draw general conclusions and outline the possible tendencies in the development of traditional economies of small-numbered indigenous peoples, typical for Taymyr Dolgano-Nenets Municipal District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krai) in the modern social and economic environment.